Dictionary of Procurement Terms

A Japanese concept of including all employees, from the top down, in the gradual and methodical process of continuous improvement of all operations and personal efficiency.

A Japanese production management technique that uses cards attached to components to monitor and control workflow in a factory. It was first developed by the car manufacturer Toyota. Its theory became part of the total quality management movement. (Business, 2002)

The payment of something of value to an individual with the goal of persuading or influencing his or her decision or performance in a certain situation. May be in the form of cash or favors and is usually unethical.

The requirement for a good to be shipped unassembled for the purpose of reducing storage space and transportation costs.